Burns are classified according to the depth of the burn, which may be difficult to assess in the first few hours and the percentage of the body affected.Burns can be caused by thermal, electrical or chemical injuries.

1st DEGREE BURNS:

Superficial; causes reddened skin as in sunburn, touch of iron, etc.A first degree burn is painful, but is not a major threat even if it involves a large area. A doctor's attention for this type of burn is seldom necessary.

2nd DEGREE BURNS

Deeper than 1st degree; causes splitting of the skin layers and blistering as in severe sunburn or scalding with hot water.These burns are painful, and if extensive, may cause significant fluid loss.

Scarring is usually minimal and infection is usually not a problem.This type of burn can be treated at home if not too extensive. (More than 20 to 30 square inches of skin is extensive.)Any second degree burn of the face, hands or genitalia should be seen by a doctor, as these may result in cosmetic problems or decreased function.

3rd DEGREE BURNS

Destroys all layers of the skin and extends into deeper tissue. These are painless as nerve endings are destroyed. Charing may be present (brown or black in color).These burns result in scarring and present frequent and severe problems with infection and fluid loss. The more extensive the burn, the more severe the problems.All third degree burns require a doctor's evaluation immediately.Skin grafts are often needed.

SELF CARE

• Apply something cold immediately. (Such as ice wrapped in a towel, cold tap water, a cold soda can, a bag of frozen vegetables, etc.) Apply for at least five minutes and continue until the pain is relieved or for 1 hour, which ever occurs first. This may be reapplied if the pain reoccurs.
• Pain relievers such as Tylenol, Motrin, or aspirin may be used for pain.
• Do not intentionally rupture blisters. If they do open, leave overlying skin on to act as a wet dressing.
• Do not use local anesthetic creams or sprays. These may delay healing.

WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION:

• All 3rd degree burns
• Extensive 2nd degree burns
• 2nd degree burns of hands, face, or genitals
• Any signs and symptoms of infection such as white, yellow, or green drainage, increased pain, increased redness, foul odor, or fever.